Cumberland Island, the largest of Georgia’s barrier islands, is a pristine natural sanctuary brimming with history, diverse ecosystems, and breathtaking scenery. Accessible only by ferry, this island offers visitors a rare opportunity to experience unspoiled wilderness, where wild horses roam free, historic ruins whisper tales of the past, and miles of beaches stretch undisturbed.

Whether you’re drawn by its rich history, abundant wildlife, or outdoor adventures, Cumberland Island is a destination that feels like stepping back in time.

History of Cumberland Island

Cumberland Island’s history is as fascinating as its landscapes. For centuries, the island was inhabited by Native American tribes before being claimed by European settlers. In the 18th and 19th centuries, it became home to wealthy planters and later industrialists like the Carnegie family, who built sprawling estates and mansions on the island.

One of the most notable landmarks is the Dungeness Ruins, the remnants of a grand Carnegie mansion that was destroyed by fire in the 1950s. These ruins, surrounded by live oaks and Spanish moss, evoke the island’s storied past.

In 1972, much of the island was designated as the Cumberland Island National Seashore, ensuring its preservation as a natural and historical treasure for future generations.

What to Do on Cumberland Island

1. Explore the Beaches
   Cumberland Island boasts over 17 miles of undeveloped beaches. Perfect for sunbathing, beachcombing, or simply enjoying the tranquil surroundings, these beaches are among the most pristine on the East Coast.

2. Hike Through Diverse Ecosystems
   The island’s trail system weaves through a variety of landscapes, from maritime forests to salt marshes and sand dunes. Popular trails include:

   • Southend Loop Trail: A moderate hike that takes you past the Dungeness Ruins and along the marshlands.
   • Willow Pond Trail: Ideal for birdwatching and spotting wildlife.

3. Wildlife Watching
   Cumberland Island is renowned for its wild horses, but visitors may also encounter armadillos, turkeys, deer, and a variety of coastal birds. The surrounding waters are home to dolphins and manatees.

4. Visit Historic Sites

   • Dungeness Ruins: Explore the remains of the Carnegie mansion and its surrounding estate.
   • Plum Orchard Mansion: A preserved Carnegie home open for guided tours.
   • First African Baptist Church: Located in the Settlement area, this tiny church gained fame as the site of John F. Kennedy Jr.’s wedding in 1996.

5. Camping Under the Stars
   Cumberland Island offers several campgrounds, including Sea Camp with amenities and remote wilderness sites for more adventurous visitors. Camping permits are required, and reservations are recommended.